Gramatical And Idiomatic Future
MODALS
Modal verbs are auxiliary verbs can not function as a main verb, unlike auxiliary verbs "be ", "do" and "have" who can function as a main verb.
Modal verbs expressing modality. Can express ability, possibility, necessity or other status.
1st Way:Gramatical-Using “Will”
we use "will" when we want say a posibility
Examples:
-i will visit to my grandmother
-you will sing in the party
-he will win the match
-she will travel tomorrow to london
-it will be sunny on wednesday
2nd Way: Idiomatic-Use “going to” (with verb to be)
We use “going to” when we talk on a future plan
Examples:
-we´re going to watch Monday night RAW tonight
-there are going to visit the beautiful New York city
-tomorrow I´m going to buy cd´s at city disc
-the next weekend you´re going to come back to Spain
-i´m going to work the next Monday
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comparatives.
Los comparativos sirven justamente para comparar una misma cualidad o característica en dos sustantivos.
Cuando el adjetivo tiene más de tres sílabas, el comparativo se forma usando la palabra "more" adelante.
Se forma con el adjetivo intercalado entre la construcción "as...as" (tan...como) para frases afirmativas e interrogativas y "not as...as" o "not so...as" para las frases negativas.
I'm as young as you / soy tan joven como tú
am I as young as you? / ¿soy tan joven como tú?
I'm not so young as you / no soy tan joven como tú
Podemos emplear tras el segundo 'as' el pronombre en caso nominativo o acusativo (He, his; She, her...)
He is as young as she; He is as young as her / Él es tan joven como ella
Si se trata de una comparación entre dos verbos, podemos usar la expresión "as much as" (tanto como) también en forma negativa
She does not work as much as she should / Ella no trabaja tanto como debería
Cuando la comparación se hace entre dos sustantivos se utiliza "as much as" para el singular y "as many as" para el plural.
I have as much work as my boss / Tengo tanto trabajo como mi jefe
I have as many pencils as you / Tengo tantos lápices como tú
Si estamos comparando dos sustantivos contables (libros, coches, casas...) utilizaremos "as many... as", pero si estamos comparando dos sustantivos incontables (madera, tiempo, música...) usaremos la construcción "as much...as".
We have as many books as them / Tenemos tantos libros como ellos
We have as much space as them / Tenemos tanto espacio como ellos
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comparatives.
Los comparativos sirven justamente para comparar una misma cualidad o característica en dos sustantivos.
- Se agrega al adjetivo "er" o "r", si ya termina en "e".
small - smaller - Si la palabra termina en vocal + consonante, se duplica la consonante.
big - bigger - Si termina en "y" se cambia por "ier".
happy - happier
Cuando el adjetivo tiene más de tres sílabas, el comparativo se forma usando la palabra "more" adelante.
expensive - more expensive
careful - more careful
Para comparar dos objetos en una oración, se agrega "than".careful - more careful
This shirt is smaller than that shirt.Esta camisa es más chica que aquella camisa.
| -COMPARATIVO DE IGUALDAD |  |
Se forma con el adjetivo intercalado entre la construcción "as...as" (tan...como) para frases afirmativas e interrogativas y "not as...as" o "not so...as" para las frases negativas.
I'm as young as you / soy tan joven como tú
am I as young as you? / ¿soy tan joven como tú?
I'm not so young as you / no soy tan joven como tú
Podemos emplear tras el segundo 'as' el pronombre en caso nominativo o acusativo (He, his; She, her...)
He is as young as she; He is as young as her / Él es tan joven como ella
Si se trata de una comparación entre dos verbos, podemos usar la expresión "as much as" (tanto como) también en forma negativa
She does not work as much as she should / Ella no trabaja tanto como debería
Cuando la comparación se hace entre dos sustantivos se utiliza "as much as" para el singular y "as many as" para el plural.
I have as much work as my boss / Tengo tanto trabajo como mi jefe
I have as many pencils as you / Tengo tantos lápices como tú
Si estamos comparando dos sustantivos contables (libros, coches, casas...) utilizaremos "as many... as", pero si estamos comparando dos sustantivos incontables (madera, tiempo, música...) usaremos la construcción "as much...as".
We have as many books as them / Tenemos tantos libros como ellos
We have as much space as them / Tenemos tanto espacio como ellos
SUPERLATIVOS |
1. Los monosílabos y bisílabos añaden la terminación -est al adjetivo: You are the tallest, eres el más alto; Mount Everest is the highest mountain, el monte Everest es la montaña más alta. 2. Los polisílabos anteponen the most (el más, los más, la más, las más) al adjetivo: This book is the most expensive, este libro es el más caro. 3. El superlativo de inferioridad se forma añadiendo the least (el menos) al adjetivo: La Rioja is the least expensive province in Argentina, La Rioja es la provincia argentina menos cara. |
COULD
"Could" indicates possibility or ability in the past.
Examples:
1º Joe could speak Spanish when he was young. (Joe podía hablar español cuando era joven.)
2º I couldn't sleep last night. (No pude dormir anoche.)
3º It could have been worse. (Podría haber sido peor.)
4º Could you play an instrument when you were a child? (¿Podrías tocar un instrumento cuando eras un niño?)
SHOULD
"Should" indicates a requirement or recommendation. It reflects an opinion about what is right. Translates as the subjunctive of "deber " in Spanish.
Examples:
1º I should call my parents more often. (Debería llamar a mis padres más a menudo.)
2º You shouldn't work so hard. (No debería trabajar tan duro.)
3º They should practice more if they want to win the championship. (Deberían practicar más si quieren ganar el campeonato.)
It uses "should " in interrogative sentences to ask if there is an obligation or to request a recommendation
Example:
1º Should we leave a tip? (¿Deberíamos dejar una propina?)
2º Should I have the steak or the chicken? (¿Debería comer el bistec o el pollo?)
"Ought to" is synonymous with "should", but never u
sed "ought to" in American English interrogative sentences.
Examples:
1º You ought to quit smoking. (Deberías dejar de fumar.)
2º I ought to call my parents more often. (Debería llamar a mis padres más a menudo.)
3º They ought to work less. (Deberían trabajar menos.)
MUST
"Must"means an obligation, prohibition or requirement.
Examples:
1º You must read this book, it's fantastic. (Tienes que leer este libro, es fantástico.)
2º You must brush your teeth two times a day. (Tienes que cepillarte los dientes dos veces por día.)
3º We must leave now or we will be late. (Tenemos que irnos ahora o llegaremos tarde.)
4º You must not drink and drive. (No puedes beber y conducir.)
5º When must we meet you? (¿Cuándo debemos quedar? )
WOULD
Use "would " to declare a preference to ask for something politely.
Examples:
1º I would like to go to New York someday. (Me gustaría ir a Nueva York un día.)
2º I would like a beer and my wife would like a glass of wine please. (Me gustaría una cerveza y mi mujer le gustaría una copa de vino por favor.)
3º Would you like some coffee? (¿Le gustaría un cafe?)
4º Would you help me please? (¿Me ayudas por favor?)
5º When would you like to go to the movies? (¿Cuándo te gustaría ir al cine?)
HAVE TO
Use 'have to' to express obligation in English. Its use is very frequent.
FORMS: to Have to + infinitive verb
Examples:
1º I have to work everyday. (tengo que trabajar todos los dias)
2º I don´t have to work everday. ( no tengo que trabajar todos los dias)
3º Do you have to work everyday? (¿tienes que trabajar todos los dias?)
THE CONDITIONAL
The "conditional"are certain structures of English in which, if a certain condition, situation or circumstance is true, then a specific outcome occurs.
CONDITIONAL ZERO
This conditional refers to a situation that is always true
If + Present simple or continuous + subject + present simple
Example:
If I leave the house at 8am, I catch the bus at 8.15am
CONDITIONAL ONE
To describe likely scenarios and possible outcomes
If + present simple or present continuous + subject + will + infinitive
Examples:
1º If I see Peter, I´ll give him your message.
2º If it´s raining when I leave the office tonight, I´ll get a taxi home.
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modals (opinion)
1. coul.
we to use "could" for express a permission and more a hability in time past for example, say what I could run of night when I can see. to use "could" after of subject.
2. Must.
we to use "must" when to receive a order of somebody older: teacher, father or mother, boss etc. in this situation have a consecuence(to disobey)
3. should.
we to use "should" for do reference a suggestions. always "shoul" is after of subject and before whatcomplement
4.Have to.
to use "have to" when have a obligation but no consecuence, is better when to say a friend, classmate etc.
5. would.
to use the modal "would" for say likes and dislakes. in this modal, the verb to add "ing"
WILL. Se usa cuando hablamos de una posibilidad es una intención, predicción de evidencia presente, una promesa.
Subject + will + verb + complement.
GOING TO. Se usa cuando queremos indicar una acción en el futuro que ya tenemos como un plan.
Subject + be + going to + verb.
Subject + be + not + going to + verb.
COMPARISONS
Y las frases quedaran así: sujeto + adjetivo + than + sujeto/ adjetivo.
Pablo is faster than Ivan.
Maria is better than bigger.
As…as.
Sujeto + as + adjetivo + as + sujeto/adjetivo.
My brother is as tall as me.
Luis is as smoll as beautiful.
Superlatives.
En este caso los adjetivos de una silaba se les antepone THE y con terminación EST.
Ejemplo: THE awakEST.
Si los adjetivos tienen mas de una silaba se les antepone THE seguido de MOST y luego el adjetivo.
Ejemplo: THE MOST asleep.
Y en caso de terminar en “y” se cambia esta por “I”.
Y las oraciones quedan así:
Sujeto + superlativo (the adjetive est) + complemento.
My father is the tallest in my family.
Michel is the happiest friends in my life.